Table 1

Principal advantages and drawbacks of invasive and noninvasive methods

Method
Pros
cons

Invasive
• sensitive and specific analysis of pulmonary mechanics
• technically demanding (instrumentation of the trachea, technical equipment)

• based on physiological principles
• need for anesthesia and tracheal instrumentation

• intact anatomical relationships in the lung
• time-consuming

• bypassing of upper airway resistance, controlled ventilation, and local administration of aerosols via the tracheal tube
• no repetitive measurements in tracheostomized animals

• ease of broncho-alveolar lavage samplings
• expertise in handling

• repetitive and long-term measurements in orotracheally intubated mice


• applicable to the assessment of obstructive and restrictive* lung disorders (*requires additional hard- and software)

noninvasive
• quick, easy-to-handle
• no direct assessment of pulmonary mechanics

• repetitive and/or longitudinal measurements of airway responsiveness in the same animal
• prone to artifacts (movements, temperature)

• normal breathing pattern with no need for anesthesia or tracheal instrumentation
• contribution of upper airway resistance (changes of glottal aperture, nasal passages)


• uncertainty about the exact magnitude and localization of bronchoconstriction

Glaab et al. Respiratory Research 2007 8:63   doi:10.1186/1465-9921-8-63