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DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and methyl binding proteins. Dnmts establish and maintain methylation marks whilst methyl CpG binding proteins interpret these marks. |
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| DNA methyltransferase |
Activity |
Function |
|
|
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| DNMT1 |
Prefers hemi-methylated DNA |
Maintenance of methylation, repression of transcription |
| DNMT2 |
Low activity in vitro |
Non CpG methylation in Drosphilia |
| DNMT3a |
De novo methylation |
Imprinting and repression |
| DNMT3b |
De novo and maintenance methylation |
Repeat methylation, repression |
| DNMT3L |
Not active, co-localizes with DNMT3a and 3b |
Repeat methylation, repression |
| Methyl CpG binding protein |
Specificity |
|
| MeCP2 |
Single methylated CpG |
Repression |
| MBD1 |
Methylated and unmethylated DNA |
Repression |
| MBD2 |
Methylated DNA |
Repression |
| MBD3 |
Unmethylated DNA |
Repression |
| MBD4 |
5-meCpG/TpG mismatches |
DNA repair, |
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Abbreviations: MeCP – Methyl-CpG-binding protein, MBD – methyl-CpG binding domain. | ||
Adcock et al. Respiratory Research 2006 7:21 doi:10.1186/1465-9921-7-21 |
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