Research
Aerosolized adenovirus-vectored vaccine as an alternative vaccine delivery method
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* Corresponding author: Srinivas S Rao srao1@mail.nih.gov
- † Equal contributors
1 Infectious Disease Aerobiology, Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70447 USA
2 Laboratory Animal Medicine, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20895 USA
3 Vector Core Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20895 USA
4 BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850 USA
5 GenVec Inc. Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA
6 ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20895 USA
Respiratory Research 2011, 12:153 doi:10.1186/1465-9921-12-153
Published: 21 November 2011Abstract
Conventional parenteral injection of vaccines is limited in its ability to induce locally-produced immune responses in the respiratory tract, and has logistical disadvantages in widespread vaccine administration. Recent studies suggest that intranasal delivery or vaccination in the respiratory tract with recombinant viral vectors can enhance immunogenicity and protection against respiratory diseases such as influenza and tuberculosis, and can offer more broad-based generalized protection by eliciting durable mucosal immune responses. Controlled aerosolization is a method to minimize vaccine particle size and ensure delivery to the lower respiratory tract. Here, we characterize the dynamics of aerosolization and show the effects of vaccine concentration on particle size, vector viability, and the actual delivered dose of an aerosolized adenoviral vector. In addition, we demonstrate that aerosol delivery of a recombinant adenoviral vaccine encoding H1N1 hemagglutinin is immunogenic and protects ferrets against homologous viral challenge. Overall, aerosol delivery offers comparable protection to intramuscular injection, and represents an attractive vaccine delivery method for broad-based immunization campaigns.